Prof. Dr. Thomas Schmitz [European Union Law]

European Union Law Dreptul Unionuii Europene (în limba engleză)	06.06.16
Academia de Administrare Publică (Chişinău), Semester 2, 2015/16; Friday, 17:00 - 20:00, room 410 (Block A). The course starts on 05.02.2016.
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Final note

In June 2016, after the end of the lectures and the final exam, this website has been finished. It will stay available for the purpose of deepening and repetition. Thank you for your interest and commitment. With best wishes for your future studies, yours Prof. Dr. Thomas Schmitz

Topic: Latest developments in the relationship between the European Union and the Republic of Moldova

In February 2016 the Council of the European Union has adopted new Conclusions on the Republic of Moldova (see also in Romanian ). In these conclusions it confirms the will of the European Union to support the Republic of Moldova but presses for reforms. In March 2016 there has been the second meeting of the EU-Moldova Assocation Council. There the EU representatives press again for - real - reforms. See the Remarks of the EU High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy ("The real challenge is now to move towards the delivering of reforms...") and the remarks of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Moldova) at the press conference on 14.03.2016. In June 2016 the EU High Representative informed in an interview with Radio Free Europe that the recent developments in the area of justice did nothing to dispel the concern expressed in the Council Conclusions concerning the independence of the judiciary and law enforcement agencies in the Republic of Moldova.

Update: In September 2016 the European Court of Auditors concluded in its Special report No. 13/2016: EU assistance for strengthening the public administration in Moldova that the support of Moldova by the European Union had a very limited, not sustainable impact and that corruption and bad governance have caused a high damage to the EU (see the report by Deutsche Welle). This report will not only have an impact on the future cooperation of Moldova with the European Union but also on the development cooperation with the EU member states and other international partners insofar as it is facing the same general problems.

Update: In October 2016, the EU Delegation together with the EU Member States and Switzerland presented the "European Union Joint Analysis: Programming in the Republic of Moldova until 2020" to the Government of the Republic of Moldova. The Joint Analysis identifies key challenges for the development of the Republic of Moldova, including good governance, justice and home affairs, economy and the financial sector. It will serve as a key reference for planning the EU assistance in the next years.

Course Description

The European Union is one of the closest partners of the Republic of Moldova. In 2014 the partners concluded an ambitious Association Agreement and in the long term there may even be the perspective of membership. Since the European Union is strictly based on law and the rule of law is its most important operating principle, it is important for public servants in the Republic of Moldova to learn about European Union law. Without a profound knowledge of its complicated and well-elaborated legal system it is not possible to understand the European Union and how to cooperate with it as a partner.

This course presents the institutional law of the European Union. It familiarizes with the legal nature of this non-state but state-like supranational organisation of integration and the legal status of its member states. It introduces to the unique legal system of the European Union and its impact on the work of the public authorities in the member states. The course also includes an overview on the European internal market law, in particular on the economic fundamental freedoms of the citizens. It finally presents the EU-Moldova Association Agreement and discusses its impact on public administration in Moldova.

The course is not limited to a theoretical presentation but also introduces briefly to the techniques of legal case-solving in the field of European Union law. In three case studies the participants will study how to approach a concrete case, work out the exact question of the case and structure and formulate the case solution.

Conditions: The course comprises 36 hours (including 10 hours of seminary). It will be held in English. Comprehensive materials and links to materials freely available in the internet will be provided by the lecturer. The course is open to first year students of the master study programs "Relații internaționale" and "Drept constituţional şi drept administrativ". In order to get 5 credit points, participants are required to write a short essay (as individual work) and to pass an examination. Other students are welcome to join as visitors (without credit points).

Downloads (PDF files)

	Course outline
	Contents/Structură cursului

	Bibliography
	Topics for individual work

	Diagram 1 (Forms of international cooperation, supranational cooperation and integration)
	Diagram 2 (The fundamental values in the European Union)
	Diagram 3 (The rights of the citizens of the European Union)
	Diagram 4 (The law of the European Union
	Diagram 5 (The most important decisions of the European Court of Justice) (short version; see also extensive version)
	Diagram 6 (The most important legal actions at the European Court of Justice)
	Diagram 7 (The fundamental freedoms - a simple overview) (see also extensive version with a more comprehensive overview)
	Diagram 8 (Violation of a fundamental freedom)
	Diagram 9 (The free movement of goods)

	Case 1 (concerning the free movement of goods) (with special notes introducing to the techniques of legal case-solving)
	Case 2 (concerning the freedom to provide services) (case from the course "EU Internal Market Law, Hanoi Law University, semester 2, 2013/14)
	EU-Moldova Association Agreement (table of contents) (see also the full text of the Agreement)

Transparency films presented in the lectures (® just aids for illustration)
- Film 1 (Overview on the history of European integration; concerning § 1 III)
- Film 2 (The State as a member of the European Union; concerning § 3)
- Film 3 (The institutional framework of the European Union; concerning § 4)
- Film 4 (The various councils in European law; concerning § 4 I, II)
- Film 5 (The making and the execution of European Union law; concerning § 9)
- Film 6 (The European Union as a unified economic area; concerning § 11)
- Film 7 (The economic fundamental freedoms; concerning § 12)

Contents (summary/details/detalii )

§ 1 Introduction

Part I: The European Union as an organisation

	§ 2 The architecture and the legal nature of the European Union
	§ 3 The state as a member of the European Union
	§ 4 The institutional framework of the European Union
	§ 5 The competences of the European Union
	§ 6 The fundamental values of the European Union
	§ 7 The citizen in the European Union

Part II: The legal system of the European Union

	§ 8 The sources and characteristics of European Union law
	§ 9 The making and the execution of European Union law
	§ 10 Legal protection in the European Union

Part III: The European internal market (overview)

	§ 11 The European Union as a unified economic area
	§ 12 The economic fundamental freedoms

Part IV: The Republic of Moldova and the European Union

	§ 13 Backgrounds
	§ 14 The EU-Moldova Association Agreement

Bibliography (selection/comprehensive bibliography 2012)

[A. Textbooks] [B. Commentaries] [C. Works of reference, handbooks] [D. Exercises in legal case-solving, learning materials] [E. Law reports, casebooks] [F. Compendiums of laws] [G. Journals]

Preliminary remarks

European Union law has changed considerably when the Treaty of Lisbon entered into force in 2009. Therefore it is not recommended for students to use textbooks or other sources that have been published before 2010. The information they contain may be obsolete or outdated.

European Union law is a multilingual legal system. The most important language is French, since the legal terminology and many basic concepts are based on the French legal tradition. The largest number of publications can be found in French, German and English. However, there are numerous publications on European Union law in all official languages of the European Union. Be aware of the danger to develop a biased understanding if you only consult resources in English! Try to work with legal literature in different languages, including Romanian!

A. Textbooks

I. Textbooks on European law in general

	Adam, Roberto; Tizzano, Antonio: Lineamenti di diritto dell'Unione europea, 3rd edition 2014
	Adam, Roberto: Manuale di diritto dell'Unione europea, 2014
	Arndt, Hans-Wolfgang; Fischer, Kristian; Fetzer, Thomas: Europarecht, 11th edition 2014
	Barnard, Catherine; Peers, Steve (editors): European Union Law, 2014
	Borchardt, Klaus Dieter: The ABC of the European Union, 2010 / ABC-ul dreptului Uniunii Europene, 2011 [free download in 24 European languages]
	Bou Franch, Valentín: Introducción al derecho de la Unión Europea, 2015
	Calamia, Antonio M.; Vigiak, Viviana: Diritto dell'Unione Europea, 2015
	Calonge Velázquez, Antonio: Derecho básico de la Unión Europea, 2011
	Chalmers, Damian; Davies, Gareth; Monti, Giorgio: European Union Law. Text and Materials, 3rd edition 2014 [also available: Kindle edition]
	Coutron, Laurent: Droit de l'Union européenne, 3rd edition 2015
	Craig, Paul; Búrca, Gráinne de: EU Law. Text, Cases and Materials, 6th edition 2015
	Dan, Vataman: Drept instituţional al Uniunii Europene, 2011
	Dashwood, Alan; Dougan, Michael; Rodger, Barry; Spaventa, Eleanor; Wyatt, Derrick: Wyatt & Dashwood's European Union Law, 6th edition 2011
	Davies, Karen: Understanding European Union Law, 6th edition 2015
	Dumitraşcu, Augustina; Popescu, Roxana-Mariana: Dreptul Uniunii Europene. Sinteze şi aplicaţii, 2nd edition 2015
	Fábian, Gyula: Drept instituţional al Uniunii Europene, 2012
	Fairhurst, John: Law of the European Union, 10th edition 2014
	Favret, Jean Marc: L'essentiel de l'Union européenne, 15th edition 2015
	Folsom, Ralph H: European Union Law in a Nutshell, 8th edition 2014
	Frenz, Walter: Europarecht, 2nd edition 2015
	Gaja, Giorgio; Adinolfi, Adelina: Introduzione al diritto dell'Unione europea, 3rd edition 2014
	Gautron, Jean-Claude: Droit européen, 14th edition 2012
	Haratsch, Andreas; Koenig, Christian; Pechstein, Matthias: Europarecht, 9th edition 2014
	Hartley, Trevor: The Foundations of European Union Law, 8th edition 2014
	Hobe, Stephan: Europarecht, 8th edition 2014
	Lenaerts, Koen; Nuffel, Piet van: European Union Law, 3rd edition 2011

Mangas Martín, Araceli; Liñán Nogueras; Diego J.: Instituciones y derecho de la Unión Europea, 2014

	Matusescu, Constanta: Drept instituţional al Uniunii Europene. Curs universitar, 2013
	Militaru, Ioana Nely: Dreptul Uniunii Europene. Cronologie. Izvoare. Principii. Instituţii, 2012
	Molina del Pozo, Carlos F.: Derecho de la Unión Europea, 2015
	Oppermann, Thomas; Classen, Claus Dieter; Nettesheim, Martin: Europarecht, 7th edition 2016 [coming soon]
	Steiner, Josephine; Woods, Lorna; Watson, Philippa: EU Law, 12^th edition 2014
	van Raepenbusch, Sean: Drept instituţional al Uniunii Europene, 2016 [coming soon]

II. Textbooks specialized on European internal market law

	Barnard, Catherine: The Substantive Law of the EU: The Four Freedoms, 4th edition 2013
	Boutayeb, Chahira: Droit matériel de l'union européenne. Libertés de mouvement, espace de concurrence et secteur public, 3rd edition 2014
	Boutayeb, Chahira: Droit matériel de l'union européenne. 3rd edition 2014
	De Grove-Valdeyron, Nathalie: Droit du marché intérieur européen, 4th edition 2014

	Dubois, Louis; Blumann, Claude: Droit matériel de l'Union européenne, 7th edition 2015
	Ehlers, Dirk (editor): European Fundamental Rights and Freedoms, 2011 [see also updated German version Europäische Grundrechte und Grundfreiheiten, 4th edition 2014, also available as Kindle edition]
	Fabio, Massimo: Customs Law of the European Union, 4th edition 2012
	Groza, Anamaria: Uniunea Europeana. Drept material, 2014
	Jones, Alison; Sufrin, Brenda: EU Competition Law. Text, Cases, and Materials, 5th edition 2014
	Molinier, Joël; Grove-Valdeyron, Nathalie de: Droit du marché intérieur européen, 3rd edition 2011
	Oliver, Peter (editor): Oliver on Free Movement of Goods in the European Union, 5th edition 2010
	Reich, Norbert; Nordhausen Scholes, Annette; Scholes, Jerem: Understanding Eu Internal Market Law: 3rd edition 2013

B. Commentaries (article-by-article presentation)

	Calliess, Christian; Ruffert, Matthias (editors): EUV/AEUV. Das Verfassungsrecht der Europäischen Union mit Europäischer Grundrechtecharta, 5th edition 2016 [coming soon]
	Gâlea, Ion: Tratatele Uniunii Europene. Comentarii şi explicaţii, 2012
	Geiger, Rudolf; Khan, Daniel-Erasmus; Kotzur, Markus: European Union Treaties. Treaty of the European Union, Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, 2015

	Schwarze, Jürgen (editor): EU-Kommentar, 3rd edition 2012
	Smit, Hans; Herzog, Peter; Campbell, Christian; Zagel, Gudrun (editors): The Law of the European Union (loose-leaf edition), volume 1 and 2, 2005 ff.
	Streinz, Rudolf (editor): EUV/AEUV. Vertrag über die Europäische Union und Vertrag über die Arbeitsweise der Europäischen Union, 2nd edition 2012

C. Works of reference, encyclopaedias and handbooks (for legal practitioners and scientific research)

	Arnull, Anthony; Chalmers, Damian (editors): The Oxford Handbook of European Union Law, 2015
	European Commission [Eiropas Komisija] (editor): Glossary (explanation of numerous legal and political terms)
	Schmitz, Thomas (editor): Eiropas tiesību pamattermini / Grundwortschatz Europarecht / Basic Vocabulary of European Union Law, 2nd edition 2010 (legal dictionary German, English, Latvian)
	Bergmann, Jan (editor): Handlexikon der Europäischen Union, 5th edition 2015
	Degryse, Christophe: Dictionnaire de l'Union européenne, 4th edition 2011

	Frenz, Walter: Handbuch Europarecht, volume 1: Europäische Grundfreiheiten, 2nd edition 2012; volume 2: Europäisches Kartellrecht, 2nd edition 2014; volume 3: Beihilfe- und Vergaberecht, 2006; volume 4: Europäische Grundrechte, 2008; volume 5: Wirkungen und Rechtsschutz, 2010; volume 6: Institutionen und Politiken, 2010
	Jones, Eric; Menon, Anand; Weatherill, Stephen (editors): The Oxford Handbook of the European Union, 2014

Phinnemore, David; McGowan, Lee: A Dictionary of the European Union, 7th edition 2015

D. Exercises in legal case-solving and learning materials (especially for students)

	Arndt, Hans-Wolfgang; Fischer, Kristian; Fetzer, Thomas: Europarecht. 20 Fälle mit Lösungen, 8th edition 2015
	Chilea, Dragoş: Dreptul Uniunii Europene. 300 de întrebări și răspunsuri, 2014

	Cuthbert, Michael: European Union Law Q&A [Questions & Answers], 10th edition 2014
	Dollat, Patrick: 100 questions sur l'Union européenne, 3rd edition 2010
	Foster, Nigel: EU Law [Questions & Answers], 10th edition 2015
	Knauff, Matthias (editor): Fälle zum Europarecht. Unter Berücksichtigung der Bezüge zum deutschen und internationalen Recht, 2011
	Routledge (editor): European Union Lawcards 2011-2012, 8th edition 2011

See also the cases and the materials from my course at the University of Latvia, Practical Case-solving in European Law, 2010.

E. Law reports and casebooks

Court of Justice of the European Communities/Union (editor): Reports of Cases before the Court of Justice and the Court of First Instance, Part I: Court of Justice, Part II: Court of First Instance (official reports of the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice and of the General Court [formerly the Court of First Instance]), 1954 ff.

Court of Justice of the European Communities/Union (editor): Case-law (database of the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice, the General Court [formerly the Court of First Instance] and the Civil Service Tribunal and also of the opinions of the Advocates General in the different official languages; see in particular the subsite "Digest of the case-law", a comprehensive database of headnotes and summaries [in French only].

	Publications Office (editor): EUR-Lex. Case-law (database of the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice, the General Court [formerly the Court of First Instance] and the Civil Service Tribunal and also of the opinions of the Advocates General in in the different official languages)
	Alonso García, Ricardo: Las sentencias básicas del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea, 5^th edition 2014
	Karpenschif, Michaël; Nourissat, Cyril: Les grands arrêts de la jurisprudence de l'Union européenne. Les 100 grandes décisions de la Cour de justice de l'Union européenne, 2^nd edition 2014

	Pechstein, Matthias: Entscheidungen des Europäischen Gerichtshofs. Studienauswahl, 8th edition 2014
	Turner, Chris: EU Law. Key Facts Key Cases, edition 2013
	Weatherill, Stephen: Cases and Materials on EU Law, 11th edition 2014

F. Compendiums of Laws

	Publications Office: EUR-Lex. The access to European Union law (Online compendium in the different official languages of the EU. Here you can find almost all regulations and directives and the Official Journal of the EU. Look here for the founding treaties.)
	European Commission: Summaries of EU legislation (specialised online compendium of legislation concerning the individual fields of activities)
	Foster, Nigel (editor): EU Treaties and Legislation 2015-2016, 26th edition 2015
	Kenner, Jeff (editor): European Union Legislation 2012-2013, 5th edition 2012
	Universul juridic (editor): Tratatele Uniunii Europene. Legislaţie consolidată, 2015

G. Journals in the field of European law

	CDE: Cahiers de droit européen, since 1965
	CJEL: Columbia Journal of European Law, since 1994
	CMLRev: Common Market Law Review, since 1964
	EIoP: European Integration Online Papers, since 1997 (internet journal)
	ELJ: European Law Journal, since 1995
	ELRev: European Law Review, since 1975
	EHRLR: European Human Rights Law Review, since 1979
	EuR: Europarecht, since 1965
	EuZW: Europäische Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftsrecht, since 1990
	FCE: Forum Constitutionis Europae, since 1998 (internet journal)
	Integration: since 1978

	JMWP: Jean Monnet Working Papers, since 1995 (internet journal)
	RDCM: Revista de Derecho Comunitario Europeo, since 1997
	REE: Revista de Estudios Europeos, since 1992
	RivDE: Rivista di diritto europeo, since 1961
	RMC: Revue du Marché commun et de l'Union européenne, since 1958
	RMUE: Revue du Marché Unique européen, since 1951 (since 2000: Revue du droit de l'Union européenne)
	RRDE: Revista Română de Drept European, since 2003
	RTDE: Revue trimestrielle du droit européen, since 1965
	WHI-Papers: since 1997 (journal on basic issues of European integration)
	ZEuS: Zeitschrift für europarechtliche Studien, since 1998

Links

A. Links concerning the general subject of the course

	Homepage of the European Union: Main server "Europa" (in 24 languages)
	Institutions of the European Union: European Council (heads of state and government of the member states), Council of the European Union (representatives of the member states at ministerial level, meeting in 10 different configurations), European Commission (with Directorates-General and Services), European Parliament, European Court of Justice, European Central Bank, European Court of Auditors; European Economic and Social Committee (advisory body), Committee of the Regions (advisory body), High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy (with European External Action Service), Agencies of the European Union, European Ombudsman
	Compendiums of Laws: EUR-Lex (compresensive database; here you find all EU primary and secondary law); Founding Treaties (consolidated versions 2012 of the EU Treaty and FEU Treaty with protocols and declarations; also in Romanian ; see also the latest updates published by the Council); Charter of Fundamental Rights (also in Romanian ; see also the Charter App published by the EU Agency for Fundamental Rights); Summaries of legislation concerning the individual activities of the Union
	Jurisprudence: internet law reports of the European Court of Justice; jurisprudence at EUR-Lex; see also my Compendium Jurisprudence on European integration (in English and German, with direkt links to the inidvidual judgements); see also the Compendium of André Poddubny and others, EC Internal Market Law - Relevant Cases of the European Court of Justice (a script elaborated by the participants of a former course for the preparation of the examinations)
	Websites concerning the individual activities of the Union: Overview (Main Server), Overview (Commission), Single Market (Main Server), Growth - Internal Market, Industry, Entreprseneurship, SME (Commission), Customs (Main Server), Taxation and Customs Union (Commission)
	Legal terminology: See the Glossary (Main Server; also in Romanian )
	See for more links my general homepage (in German); see the "Links zum Öffentlichen Recht" / "A. Europarecht"

B. Links concerning special subjects

	concerning § 1 II: European law outside European Union law: Statute of the Council of Europe; European Convention and other international treaties prepared by the Council of Europe
	concerning § 1 III: T he history of the European Union (EU Main Server; with detailed data)
	concerning § 2 I: Thomas Schmitz, Theorien zur Konstruktion der Europäischen Union [Theories on the Construction of the European Union], 2004 (on the complicated architecture of the Union before the Reform of Lisbon - be happy that you do not need to learn that anymore!)
	concerning § 2 III and § 3: Thomas Schmitz, A new Form of Organisation: the Supranational Union (summary of habilitation thesis, 2001, chapter 2)
	concerning § 3 IV: Enlargement Policy (Commission; see in particular "Conditions for membership", "Steps towards joining" and the leaflet Enlargement)
	concerning § 4: EU institutions and other bodies (EU Main Server; see in particular the list of agencies); Understanding EU Institutions (self-study module, Univ. of Portsmouth); ECJ, case 138/79, Roquette Frères / Isoglucose (principle of institutional balance); more links on the EU institutions (EDC Mannheim)
	concerning § 5: ECJ, case 8/55, FÉDÉCHAR (implied powers, see p. 299); Protocol (No 2) on the application of the principles of subsidiarity and proportionality; the highly controversial Lisbon judgement of the German Federal Constitutional Court (about the claimed right to perform an ultra vires review of the Union's legal acts)
	concerning § 6: Erkki Tuomioja, Europe as a community of values and the challenges it faces. Speech to the Baltic Sea Region Model European parliament, Helsinki 14.4.2015; European Agency for Fundamental Rights (editor), The European Union as a Community of values: safeguarding fundamental rights in times of crisis (European Agency for Fundamental Rights)
	concerning § 6 V: EU Framework to strengthen the rule of law (the so-called "pre-Article 7 procedure", a new instrument developed by the European Commission in order to monitor and assure the rule of law in the member states); see also the decision of the European Commission from 13/01/2016 to examine the situation in Poland created by the new Polish government (see also the commentary of Armin von Bogdandy)
	concerning § 7: practical advice for EU citizens and companies (Commission); ECJ, case 29/69, Stauder (Fundamental rights as general principles of Community law, see no. 7); ECJ, case 44/79, Hauer (constitutional traditions common to the member states and the ECHR as basis for own jurisprudence on fundamental rights, see no. 14 ff.)

	concerning § 8: European Court of Justice (= ECJ), case 26/62, van Gend & Loos (Community law as an independent legal order, see p. 23 ff.); ECJ, case 6/64, Costa/ENEL (primacy of Community law, see p. 1269 ff.); ECJ, case 11/70, Internationale Handelsgesellschaft (primacy of Community law over national constitutional law, see no. 3 f.); ECJ, case 148/78, Ratti (direct applicability of directives after expiration of implementation period, see no. 19 ff.); ECJ, case 79/83, Harz (interpretation of national law in the light of the directives); ECJ, joint cases C-6/90 and 9/90, Francovich (state liability for non-implementation of directives, see no. 31 ff.)
	concerning § 9 II: Ordinary legislative procedure (explication by the European Parliament)
	concerning § 10: self-presentation of the European Court of Justice (with a concise presentation of its composition, jurisdiction and procedure, in all languages); Thomas Schmitz, "Stop the European Court of Justice"? On the limits of obedience to the European Courts, conference paper Rīga/Göteborg 2008/09
	concerning § 11: information on the Customs Union (Main Server/Commission); legislation on the Customs Union: Common Customs Tariff (CCT) and Union Customs Code (UCC); the Internal Market Scoreboard of the Commission (indicates the state of development of the Internal Market); Antitrust Enforcement Regulation (regulation 1/2003), State Aids Regulation (regulation 659/1999); European Stability Mechanism (ESM)
	concerning § 12 I: ECJ, case 26/62, van Gend & Loos (here: direct applicability of fundamental freedoms); ECJ, case C-265/95, French blockades (duties of protection)
	concerning § 12 II: Single market for goods (European Commission); ECJ, joined cases 2 and 3/69, Diamandarbeiders (large concept of charges having equivalent effect to customs in art. 30 FEU Treaty); ECJ, case 8/74, Dassonville (large concept of measures having equivalent effect to quantitative restrictions on imports in art. 34 FEU Treaty (formerly 28 EC Treaty); ECJ, case 120/78, Cassis de Dijon (regulations on necessary properties of products as measures having equivalent effect to quantitative restrictions on imports); ECJ, joined cases C-265, C-268/91, Keck (reduction of the Dassonville formula: only product-related, not sales-related rules as encroachements on the free movement of goods)
	concerning § 12 III: Diagram on the freedom of movement for workers (from my course EU Internal Market Law at Hanoi Law University, Semester 2, 2013/14); Free Movement - EU Nationals (European Commission); Directive 2004/38/EC on the right to move and reside freely; ECJ, case C-415/93, Bosman (restrictions as encroachments on the free movement of workers; third-party effect of the freedom of movement for workers in the field of professional football)
	concerning § 12 IV, V: Diagram on the freedom of establishment, diagram on the freedom to provide services (from my course EU Internal Market Law at Hanoi Law University, Semester 2, 2013/14); Posting Directive (directive 1996/71/EC); Services Directive (directive 2006/123/EC; the most complicated legislation in the history of the European Union); ECJ, case 60/00, Carpenter (indirect protection of fundamental rights via fundamental freedoms)r
	concerning § 13 I: European Neighbourhood Policy and Eastern Partnership (Commission); Conclusions on the Republic of Moldova, 15.02.2016 (Council, see also in Romanian )
	concerning § 13 II: Homepage of the Eurasian Economic Union
	concerning § 14: EU-Moldova Association Agreement (Text and explanation), DCFTA (DCFTA support project); Remarks at the press conference following the EU-Moldova Association Council (EU High Representative / Prime Minister of the Republic of Moldova), 14.03.2016; first meeting of the Moldovan Parliament's Consiliul Parlamentar pentru Integrare Europeană on 19.04.2016 (press release)